Harati: Jurnal Pendidikan Kristen (Journal of Christian Education) is a journal published by the Faculty of Teacher Training and Christian Education, Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Palangka Raya, Indonesia. ISSN 2776-6454 (e); 2776-995X (p). The period of publication of this journal is published twice a year, namely April and October. This journal publishes research results in the field of Christian education and culture. This scope comes into effect in the issue of Volume 5 Number 1 Year 2025. Manuscripts must be in English. Christian Education and Culture includes: Christian education and culture in school learning, Christian education and culture in church education, Christian education and culture in the family, Christian education and digital culture. Christian Education and Culture in School includes: culture-based Christian education assessment, culture-based Christian learning media, local culture-based Christian learning psychology, culture-based Christian character education. Christian Education and Culture in Church includes: theological education for culture-based congregations, culture-based Sunday school learning, small group education in culture-based congregations. Christian Education and Culture in The Family includes: character education for children based on culture, Christian values education in the family based on local traditions. Manuscripts to be published in this journal are selected through appropriate peer review with a Double Blind Review system to ensure quality, originality, appropriateness, significance, and readability. This journal is ACCREDITED (recognised) by the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, and Technology Republic of Indonesia (Decree No 355/DST/D.D1/HM.01.01/2026).
Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Kristen IAKN Palangka Raya
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Perceptions, Learning Attitudes, and Cultural Contexts in Christian Religious Education: An Empirical Study of Students’ Learning Engagement
This study examines the relationship between students’ perceptions and learning attitudes in Christian Religious Education (CRE), with particular attention to the cultural context in which religious learning takes place. A quantitative correlational approach was employed to analyze data from 32 respondents. Students’ perceptions were treated as the independent variable, while learning attitudes constituted the dependent variable. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and simple linear regression. The results indicate a moderate positive relationship between students’ perceptions and learning attitudes, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.5432. The coefficient of determination (R² = 0.295) indicates that students’ perceptions statistically accounted for 29.5% of the variance in learning attitudes. The regression model was expressed as Y = 10.918 + 0.437X, with a t value of 3.5432 and a significance level of 0.00132, indicating a statistically significant relationship. The findings suggest that students who hold more positive perceptions of the learning process tend to demonstrate more positive learning attitudes. Within CRE, this relationship should be understood in connection with students’ cultural experiences, local values, social relationships, and everyday realities. Culture was not tested as an independent statistical variable; rather, it functioned as a contextual lens for interpreting the findings. The study highlights the importance of culturally responsive and contextual CRE that connects Christian teachings with students’ lived experiences while supporting meaningful learning and character formation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pestaria Naibaho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integrating Batak Dalihan Na Tolu Values in Christian Character Education within Family Context
Character education is a fundamental aspect of human development, particularly within the Christian educational context, where moral formation is inseparable from biblical teachings. This study examines how the Batak cultural philosophy of Dalihan Na Tolu can be integrated into family, based Charistian character education. Employing a qualitative literature review approach, the research analyzes twenty validated sources, including scholarly journals and books, to explore the interplay between local cultural values and Christian moral formation. Findings indicate that the principles of Dalihan Na Tolu, namely, somba marhula-hula, manat mardongan tubu, and elek marboru, resonate with Christian virtues such as respect, responsibility, and relational harmony, and can effectively complement family, based character education. Integrating these local values within a Christian framework provides a contextualized and culturally sensitive approach to character formation, enabling families to cultivate virtues aligned with both cultural norms and biblical principles. This study contributes to thr discourse on contextualized Christian education by demonstrating how indigenous cultural systems can reinforce moral and spiritual development in family settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sanjay Nadeak https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of HOTS in English Learning with a Dayak Cultural Approach and a Christian Religious Education Perspective at Kuala Kapuas
This study examines the implementation of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in English learning through a Dayak cultural approach and a Christian Religious Education perspective at State Senior High Schools and Vocational High Schools in Kuala Kapuas. It is based on the assumption that students are still in the adaptation stage of applying higher-order thinking and often experience difficulties in responding to analytical, evaluative, and creative tasks. This research employed a qualitative descriptive method to provide a comprehensive picture of current practices in schools. Data were collected from English teachers and students. The findings indicate that teachers have implemented HOTS-based learning and assessment through various activities, including essay writing, multiple-choice questions, project-based learning, group discussions, and summarizing reading texts to develop speaking and reading skills. The integration of Dayak cultural values and Christian Religious Education perspectives supports contextual and meaningful learning, encouraging students to think critically and reflect on moral values. The Independent Learning Curriculum further strengthens the development of higher-order thinking skills, such as analyzing, evaluating, and creating. However, several challenges remain, including limited vocabulary mastery and insufficient instructional time, which affect the optimal implementation of HOTS in classroom practice.
Copyright (c) 2026 Berth Penny Pahan, Al Egi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ecopedagogy and Sangserekan: Relational Foundations for the Integrity of Creation in Contemporary Christian Education
This article examines the relationship between ecopedagogy and the concept of sangserekan as a relational foundation that supports the integrity of creation within contemporary Christian education. Ecopedagogy is understood as an educational approach that encourages critical awareness of ecological crises, the development of ethical responsibility, and the formation of transformative practices that nurture just relationships between humans and the environment. Sangserekan, a local wisdom tradition emphasizing reciprocity, cooperation, and communal interconnectedness, offers significant potential to enrich theological reflection and pedagogical practice within Christian settings. Through a review of relevant literature and theological–pedagogical reflection, this article proposes the integration of these two perspectives to create a framework that emphasizes not only cognitive learning but also character formation, ecological spirituality, and relational consciousness. This integrated approach can help learners understand their vocation as stewards of creation, cultivate solidarity with others and the natural world, and build stronger commitments to sustainability. Thus, ecopedagogy and sangserekan provide a relevant and contextually grounded relational foundation for churches and Christian educational institutions seeking to address global ecological challenges and promote just and sustainable learning practices.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yosia Geby https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Jaranan Ethnopedagogy: A Review of the Value of Christian Education from the Meaning of the Javanese Local Movement
Jaranan is a traditional Indonesian dance that contains magical elements and involves dancers performing dangerous acts. The purpose of this study is to examine the value of Christian religious education within the context of the local Javanese movement, Jaranan. This study investigates the values ​​of Christian religious education manifested in Jaranan art as an integral part of the local movement in Java. Using qualitative methods with an ethnopedagogical approach, data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews with key informants, and literature review. The results indicate that Jaranan embodies fundamental values ​​such as solidarity, social justice, and spirituality, which have significant relevance to Christian religious education. This research is expected to make a substantive contribution to the development of a contextual and transformative model of Christian religious education within the framework of the local movement.
Copyright (c) 2026 Reni Dannari, Syani Bombongan Rantesalu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Parents in Children's Christian Faith Education Through the Tandak Timang Tradition in Batu Badinding Village
The Tandak Timang tradition is an oral cultural heritage of the Dayak Ngaju community which contains moral, spiritual, and character education values that are relevant to the development of Christian children's faith. This study aims to describe the role of parents in children's Christian faith education through the tradition of Tandak Timang in Batu Badinging Village. The research approach used is qualitative descriptive with interview, observation, and documentation techniques. The results of the study show that parents play an important role as heirs of cultural values, interpreters of spiritual meaning, exemplars of faith, and preservers of traditions that are loaded with the values of love, loyalty, responsibility, and respect for ancestors. Through the active involvement of parents, Tandak Timang functions not only as a cultural expression, but also as an effective means of forming children's character and spirituality in the light of Christian teachings. Thus, the integration between faith and culture through the role of parents strengthens the identity of Dayak Ngaju faith and culture in the midst of modernity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Silipta Silipta, Lidia Selfitri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Pela Gandong Culture-Based Christian Education Teachers in Shaping Ethical Digital Literacy
This study aims to describe the role of Pela Gandong's culture-based Christian Religious Education teachers in shaping ethical digital literacy in students at SMP Negeri 5 Ambon. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The results of the study show that Christian Religious Education teachers play an important role as educators, role models, guides, and facilitators in instilling Christian values while integrating Pela Gandong cultural values such as brotherhood, mutual respect, solidarity, and social responsibility in the use of digital technology. Through a local culture-based approach, students are guided to not only have technical skills in utilizing digital media, but also to be able to use technology wisely, politely, honestly, and responsibly in accordance with the values of the Christian faith and local wisdom of Maluku. The synergy between teachers, schools, families, and local culture is an important foundation in forming a digital generation that is intelligent, characterful, and able to use technology to strengthen the values of brotherhood and harmonious social life.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abetsina Lumalessil, Selta Rahangmetan, Agnes Sekerone, Sonia Isabella Tuhumury, Aprelia Hatulely https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Interactive Learning Media Based on Educaplay and Local Wisdom to Increase Interest in Learning Christian Religious Education
This study aims to examine the effectiveness of Educaplay-based interactive learning media integrated with local wisdom in increasing students' interest in learning Christian Religious Education at SMAN 3 Palangka Raya. The research uses a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. The research subjects consisted of two groups, namely class XI-9 as an experimental group that used Educaplay media based on local wisdom and class XI-11 as a control group that used conventional learning methods. The integration of local wisdom is carried out through the presentation of materials, illustrations, and learning activities that raise local cultural values, so that learning becomes more contextual and close to students' life experiences. The research data was collected through a learning interest questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability. The results of the analysis showed that the use of Educaplay-based interactive learning media and local wisdom significantly increased students' interest in learning. The average learning interest score of the experimental group increased from 49.35 in the pretest to 63.30 in the posttest, while the control group only increased from 51.75 to 53.80. Hypothesis tests using paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test showed significant differences between the two groups. This study concludes that Educaplay-based interactive learning media combined with local wisdom is effective in increasing interest in learning Christian Religious Education. These findings recommend the development of contextual and local culture-based digital learning media to create a more interesting, relevant, and meaningful learning process for students.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dini Desfrianty Viola viola, Telhalia, Lelly Sepniwati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Christian Teachers based on Denpasar Local Wisdom in Developing Connectivist Learning in the Era of Digital Transformation
This study aims to find out the role of Christian teachers in Denpasar in developing communicative learning in the era of digital transformation as well as the most significant factors that affect the role of teachers in the development of learning. The research method used was an explanatory survey, using a questionnaire distributed to 47 Christian teachers in Denpasar. The data obtained were analyzed using a regression model to evaluate the relationship between various teacher roles (as facilitators, knowledge curators, promoters of diverse perspectives, promoters of lifelong learning, promoters of collaboration, technology guides, and evaluators of learning connections) and the development of connective learning. The results of the study show that the role of Christian teachers in Denpasar in developing connective learning in the era of digital transformation has been going well and the role of teachers as promoters of collaboration and social learning is the most significant role in developing connective learning.
Copyright (c) 2025 Edwin Wayan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Christian Education in Reducing the Failure of Local Wisdom-based Christian Leadership Ethics
This article explores the role of Christian education in mitigating ethical failures in Christian leadership, using a qualitative literature review approach. Ethical failures in Christian leadership have become a significant concern, as they undermine the integrity and credibility of church leaders, impacting both congregations and society. The paper examines scriptural principles and theological perspectives that shape ethical leadership, emphasizing the importance of character, integrity, and accountability as essential components of Christian leadership. Key passages from the Bible, such as 1 Timothy 3:1-7 and Titus 1:5-9, are analyzed to highlight the ethical expectations for church leaders. Furthermore, the study delves into how Christian education plays a transformative role in shaping the moral and ethical development of leaders, through the integration of theology, ethics, and practical leadership skills. The findings suggest that Christian education provides a foundation for character formation, spiritual growth, and the cultivation of godly leadership practices. By fostering an environment of accountability and ethical training, Christian education can help prevent ethical lapses in leadership and contribute to the restoration of moral integrity in church leadership.
Integration of Christian Values with Local Wisdom in Digital Learning Media: Literature Review
This research aims to examine the integration of Christian values with local wisdom through digital learning media within the context of Christian Religious Education (CRE). The problem addressed is the lack of learning media that contextually and relevantly accommodates Christian values and local culture in line with the development of digital technology. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a library research approach through a systematic review of relevant academic literature. The novelty of this research lies in the design of a conceptual model for digital media that combines Christian faith values such as love, justice, and service with local cultural elements like folklore, regional songs, and traditional symbols. The research findings indicate that this integration can enhance the relevance, participation, and understanding of Christian teachings among students, while simultaneously strengthening their cultural identity. These findings offer a theoretical contribution to the development of inculturation-based CRE literature and a practical contribution for Christian educators in the digital age.
Tongkonan as a Living Curriculum: Intergenerational Transmission of Torajan Cultural Knowledge through Spatial and Ritual Practices
A key example of how cultural spaces transmit indigenous knowledge is the concept of traditional house of the Toraja people, the tongkonan. To comprehend the educational and cultural role of the tongkonan, this research explores its structural and symbolic aspects, rituals, and communal practices. Using a qualitative and ethnographic approach, the data were collected from participant observation, interviews and interdisciplinary analysis. Results illuminate that architectural design and symbolic carving of the tongkonan serves as pedagogical tools, and rituals and intergenerational exchanges collectively contribute to cultural continuity and communal identity. Yet modernization and globalization pose significant threats to the longevity of these practices, thus requiring creative adaptations, including digital documentation, community and social driven initiatives, and sustainable tourism models. These efforts not only protect Torajan cultural resources but also provide lessons for other indigenous people confronting similar predicaments. This research emphasizes the significance of the combination of traditional knowledge and contemporary practice to offer a crucial to the survival of cultures in a modern world.
Christian Leadership Education for Youth through Social Organizational Communication Styles Based on Banyuwangi’s Local Culture in the Post-Pandemic
This study explored Christian leadership education for youth through organizational communication styles within a social institution, specifically, a church-based youth organization in Banyuwangi, Indonesia. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted social interactions, leading to a significant decline in youth participation. However, post-pandemic observations revealed a notable increase in engagement among the youth members of GKT (Gereja Kristen Tuhan) Banyuwangi. This shift raised important questions about the role of leadership communication in revitalizing youth involvement. This study used a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through participant observation, interviews with four informants, and document analysis. The findings suggested that the youth leader employed varied communication styles depending on his social role within the organization. As a leader, he utilized controlling, structuring, and relinquishing styles; as a coach, he adopted a more directive approach; and as a teacher and peer, he favored an egalitarian style. These communication strategies, shaped by Christian values and local cultural norms of Banyuwangi, played a significant role in fostering motivation and participation among youth members.
Copyright (c) 2025 Richard Alejandre Suyanto, Inri Inggrit Indrayani, Felicia Goenawan
The Role of the Church and Christian Religious Education in Post-Conflict Social Recovery in the Local Context of Rongkong
The Rongkong area in North Luwu carries historical wounds due to the DII/TI rebellion, leaving prolonged social and spiritual trauma. This study aims to critically analyze the role of the Church and Christian Religious Education (CRE) in the process of trauma healing, social reconciliation, and sowing hope post-conflict. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through literature review, in-depth interviews with church leaders and community members, as well as limited participatory observation. The study is grounded in the theoretical framework of memory theology (Johann Baptist Metz and Paul Ricoeur) and critical pedagogy (Paulo Freire), emphasizing the importance of collective memory and liberating education within the context of historical wounds. The findings indicate that the church acts as a healing community through liturgy, pastoral care, and social advocacy, while CRE serves as a transformative space that builds historical awareness, spirituality of forgiveness, and intergenerational participation in reconciliation. This article offers theological-pedagogical reflections and contextual praxis for the church and Christian educators in nurturing memory and fostering hope within post-conflict communities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jodih Jodih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Christian Religious Education on the Local Culture of the Tiwah Ceremony in Central Kalimantan in Line with Christian Teachings
The learning process of Christian Religious Education is a systematic activity that involves many components in it. The good planning is needed so all these components can be implemented. This research is motivated by the existence of students who are less actively involved when participating in Christian Religious Education because the class is dominated by educators. This research aims to describe the importance for an educator to plan a learning process that can increase the activeness and involvement of students in learning. The research uses descriptive qualitative research methods with a literature study approach. From this research it is concluded that in planning Christian Religious Education learning, an educator needs to: understand the uniqueness of students both in their intelligence and learning styles, formulate learning objectives that are able to facilitate students to be actively involved in learning, use varied learning methods, use supporting learning facilities and infrastructure, and make learning assessments that focus on student activeness.
Copyright (c) 2025 Reysti Ayu Lestari, Juliana Hindradjat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integrating Tongkonan and Christianity: A Strategy to Build Cultural and Spiritual Identity of Toraja Youth in the Midst of Urban Globalization
This study aims to examine the impact of globalization on the cultural and spiritual identity of Toraja youth, as well as the role of Tongkonan and the integration of Christian teachings in their lives amid urban life, particularly in Makassar. Globalization brings significant changes that affect the way people think, interact, and form their identities, including Toraja youth who are deeply connected to their cultural and traditional roots. The fast-paced urban life and the dominance of global culture have caused many Toraja youth to feel disconnected from their cultural heritage, leading to a crisis of identity. Meanwhile, the church, as a religious institution in Makassar, faces challenges in linking Christian teachings with Toraja cultural values, which are increasingly marginalized. Using the library research method, this study analyzes literature related to Toraja culture, Christian teachings, and the impact of globalization. The findings suggest the importance of integrating Toraja cultural values, such as the symbolism of Tongkonan, into Christian religious education so that Toraja youth can rediscover a more authentic and relevant sense of purpose amid the pressures of globalization. Religious education based on experience and reflection, and connecting local values with Christian teachings, can help form a strong and relevant spiritual identity for Toraja youth in the city.
The Fruit of the Spirit and Falulu Fohalowo: Synergy of Christian Values and Nias Culture in Character Education for Teenagers
This article aims to examine the synergy between the values of the Fruit of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22–23) and the cultural values of Falulu Fohalowo from the people of Nias as a basis in the formation of the character of today's Christian youth. This research uses a literature study method by examining various sources such as the Bible, theological literature, books, and relevant scientific articles. The results of the study show that the Fruit of the Spirit emphasizes inner transformation through the development of love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, loyalty, gentleness, and self-mastery, while Falulu Fohalowo emphasizes social responsibility, mutual cooperation, and respect for others in the context of community. The synergy between the two results in a holistic approach to adolescent character education that integrates spirituality, value understanding, and tangible action. Thus, the contextual application of the values of the Spirit Fruit and Falulu Fohalowo in Christian Religious Education can be an effective strategy in forming adolescents who are faithful, have social character, and are able to live Christian values in the midst of modern cultural challenges.
Copyright (c) 2025 Niat Hati Waruwu, Merlin, Susanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Penanaman Nilai-nilai Pendidikan Agama Kristen pada Peserta Didik dengan Pendekatan Evolusi Sosial Herbert Spencer
This study aims to analyze the cultivation of students' Christian Religious Education values with Herbert Spencer's social evolution approach. The literature review method is the approach used in this research. The results show that the process of social evolution starts from individuals who combine themselves into a family, the family joins into a community, the community becomes a society, and the society becomes a state, and so on is a development that emphasizes the process. The planting of Christian Religious Education values in students is the same, that every stage of behavioral and spiritual development of students requires a process. The process referred to here is an effort made by Christian Religious Education teachers to guide and educate students to the realization of Christian Religious Education values in the real lives of students.
Copyright (c) 2024 Rinto Hasiholan Hutapea
Pendidikan Agama Kristen dan Pembimbingan Pelayan Gereja dalam Pembentukan Karakter Remaja
The aim of this research is to find out how the implementation of Christian religious education is related to the formation of adolescent character, how guidance by church servants is related to the formation of adolescent character, how is the relationship between the Implementation of Christian Religious Education and Guidance by Church Ministers together with the formation of adolescent character. Data was collected at the location and from teenagers who are the population, using a Likert scale, interviews and also documentation studies and then analyzed. The results of the research were that there was a very low relationship and there was no significant relationship between the Implementation of Christian Religious Education and the character formation of teenagers, there was a strong relationship and there was a significant relationship between Guidance by Church Servants and the character formation of teenagers, there was a strong relationship and there was a relationship There is a significant relationship between the Implementation of Christian Religious Education and Guidance by Church Servants together with the character formation of teenagers in the Bright Future Congregation of the Kupang New Testament Christian Church. Referrals to the church and related parties to improve the implementation of Christian religious education and guidance by church servants by paying attention to the needs and development of teenagers with Christian character.
Copyright (c) 2022 Sepri Karl Heinz Malelak
Sekolah Minggu sebagai Solusi untuk Mengantisipasi Stagnasi dalam Pendidikan Kristen di Gereja
The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the non-linear development of Christianity in relation to population growth. Christianity has been present for about 20 centuries and has proven to endure in various situations. This endurance is evidence that this religion exists according to God's will as the creator of the world, aimed at guiding humanity to align with the divine plan. However, it is unfortunate that the graph of Christianity in terms of quality and quantity shows a tendency to remain constant. The research conducted is an ethnographic study that employs qualitative methods with triangulation techniques to gather data, analyzed using ethnomethodology. The results indicate a 60% decline in quality over four years from 2019 to 2022, and quantity does not align with population growth, sourced from data of five selected denominations around Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. This research illustrates the realities and hopes related to the importance of Sunday school organized by the church to maintain existence in terms of quality and quantity among Christians today.
Pendidikan dalam Keluarga untuk Mengantisipasi Pengaruh Pemikiran Postmodern bagi Remaja Kristen
This article presents the problem that teenagers who have not yet been won to Christ are very vulnerable to being influenced by postmodernist thinking. Considering they do not have a solid foundation of faith in Christ. The anticipation is that parents must take the initiative to introduce Jesus to them. The method used in this research is a survey in the form of a questionnaire. The results show that 26 students (65%) out of 40 Christian students at a high school in Bandung City do not yet have a close relationship with Christ. Meanwhile, 14 students (35%) stated that they had experienced new life and had faith in Jesus. This data reflects the attitude of parents who do not fully prioritize spiritual needs in their family. These teenagers are in the midst of a period of panca roba or doubt and are easily influenced by deviant teachings. The challenges faced by spiritual coaches at school are the same as those faced by their parents. The challenge arises to serve and develop them to know Christ personally. In conclusion, winning teenagers to Christ is a priority for parents to anticipate the influence of modernist thinking on them.
Copyright (c) 2024 Sostenis Nggebu, John Jamlaay, Dony Surachman
Peran Guru Kristen sebagai Penuntun dalam Mewujudkan Pendidikan Karakter yang Holistis-Transformasional
The decline in character is the fruit of the ineffective implementation of transformational-holistic character education. Christian teachers are important in understanding their duties and functions as guides to revitalize character education that touches aspects of students' lives as a whole: cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. Therefore, the purpose of writing this paper is to describe the role of the Christian teacher as a guide in realizing holistic transformational character education. The writing method used is the method of literature review. Holistic-transformational character education is important because students can find identity, meaning, and purpose in life through interaction with the environment and God. Christian teachers must always establish relationships with students, and have a personal relationship with God so that they can imitate Christ as the Great Shepherd, center Christ in education, and have an eschatological mission. This can be realized through strategies, methods, and teaching models that are varied and by the needs of students; providing motivation and support; and presenting good, rich material that remains grounded in Bible truth. Future researchers should examine the social competence of Christian teachers with homeroom/BK, parents, and students in realizing the above.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ayu Agustina Pardede, Tanti Listiani
Peran Roh Kudus Berdasarkan Teks Yohanes 14:26 dalam Pendidikan Kristen Anak Usia Dini
This study examines the implications of the Holy Spirit's role as Teacher and Reminder (John 14:26) for Early Childhood Christian Education (ECCE). Through literature review and theological analysis, it explores how this understanding transforms ECCE practices, curriculum development, and pedagogical approaches. The research reveals that integrating the Holy Spirit's work requires a holistic approach, including responsive curriculum design, experiential teaching methods, and spiritually nurturing environments. It emphasizes educators' roles as facilitators sensitive to the Holy Spirit's guidance and the need for collaboration between ECCE institutions, families, and churches. The study addresses challenges in implementing a Spirit-centered approach and offers practical solutions. It proposes a paradigm shift in ECCE from knowledge transfer to facilitating transformative spiritual experiences, thus laying a robust spiritual foundation for the next generation.
Copyright (c) 2024 Derry Wiranto, Samuel Hans Kristanto
Pemanfaatan Multi Media dalam Pembelajaran dan Pembinaan Kerohanian Siswa di SMTK Willfinger Krayan
This research examines the use of multimedia in the spiritual development of students at SMTK Willfinger Krayan. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using various digital media in improving the understanding and appreciation of spiritual values among students. The methods used included direct observation, interviews with teachers and students, and content analysis of multimedia used in the spiritual formation program. The results showed that the use of multimedia, such as inspirational videos, digital bible applications, and interactive presentations, significantly increased students' interest and participation in spiritual activities. In addition, it was found that the multimedia approach helped students more easily understand and apply spiritual teachings in their daily lives. This study concludes that the integration of multimedia in spiritual formation is an effective strategy to improve the quality of spiritual education at Willfinger Krayan SMTK.
Copyright (c) 2024 Jerry Doni, Daniel Nubatonis
Pendekatan Andragogi dalam Pembinaan Kecakapan Hidup Orang Dewasa Melalui Pendidikan Agama Kristen
This research aims to provide an understanding of Andragogy as an art and science used to help adults learn, as well as how this concept is applied in Christian Religious Education (PAK) to develop life skills. PAK is a teaching process that is based on Biblical truth, centered on Christ, and relies on the power of the Holy Spirit. The life skills referred to in this research include practical and functional skills which aim to equip students to be able to solve various life problems, as well as proactively and creatively find solutions to overcome them. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach, where data is obtained from various relevant literature sources. The research results show that the application of andragogy in PAK can help develop essential life skills for adults to face life's challenges more effectively. The conclusion of this research emphasizes the importance of integrating andragogy in PAK to empower students in everyday life.
Copyright (c) 2024 Yuherlita Marneci, Yuel
Sarana dan Prasarana dalam Menunjang Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Agama Kristen bagi Peserta Didik
This study aims to analyze the infrastructure that supports student learning outcomes in Christian Religious Education lessons at SMAN 1 Palangka Raya. The research method is qualitative with descriptive research type. Data collection techniques with interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of the research of existing infrastructure facilities at SMAN 1 Palangka Raya are in good condition, but still do not meet the standards in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of National Education Number 24 of 2007 Standards for facilities and infrastructure of SMA / MA General Education. In this case there are some that still need to be completed and considered such as religious study rooms whose facilities such as air conditioning and LCD that need to be repaired or replaced, as well as a place of worship that needs to be provided specifically for students who are Christian. The completeness of the existing infrastructure at SMAN 1 Palangka Raya can meet the needs of students and teachers, so that in the process of teaching and learning activities can run effectively and efficiently, and the learning outcomes obtained by students XI MIPA 2 through the learning process are supported by educators and infrastructure.
Copyright (c) 2024 Yessi Carolina, Merilyn, Defri Triadi
Mission Batak traditions to Educational Transformation: The History, Dynamics, and Challenges of Church Schools in Tapanuli, 1950-2024
This study examines the historical transformation, institutional dynamics, and contemporary challenges of church-based education in Tapanuli, North Sumatra, Indonesia, from 1950 to 2024. Although missionary education played a foundational role in the development of formal schooling and Christian leadership among the Batak, the post-independence trajectory of church schools has received comparatively limited attention as a process of institutional transformation. This study employed a qualitative historical research design using archival documents, published historical sources, oral histories, field observations, and material evidence. The findings demonstrate that church-based education underwent three major transformations: the transition from missionary education to an Indigenous church-based educational system after independence; institutional professionalization and adaptation to national educational structures; and contemporary transformation in response to educational competition, technological change, professional standards, and cultural expectations. The study further demonstrates that Batak communities actively appropriated educational institutions as instruments of literacy, social mobility, leadership formation, and “hamajuon” (social progress). However, tensions remain between inherited Western educational epistemologies and the need to strengthen Batak cultural and Indigenous knowledge within Christian education. The study concludes that the future relevance of church schools depends on integrating theological identity, educational quality, technological innovation, and culturally responsive pedagogy. Church schools should therefore be understood as dynamic institutions of educational, ecclesial, cultural, and social transformation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Pestaria Naibaho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Penerapan Unsur-Unsur Pendidikan Kristen dalam Perjamuan Kudus Anak sebagai Upaya Pembentukan Kecerdasan Spiritual
The Holy Communion is a part of faith maintenance. GKJ Jambeyan has implemented Holy Communion for children who have not yet taken the confirmation, or in other words, for teenagers who have not yet professed their faith. There are two teenagers who often cause trouble even after participating in Children's Communion, such as using foul language and harming others. Additionally, parents of two teenagers from GKJ Jambeyan have expressed concerns about their children being difficult to manage and burdensome. Moreover, one of these two teenagers withdrew from fellowship, even though they had attended Children's Communion, during which they received guidance on living as Christians. However, one of the teenagers experienced a positive change in daily behavior, making the spiritual transformation among these teenagers an interesting subject for research. This study uses a quantitative method to examine the existing correlation. The results of this study show that the application of educational elements in Children's Communion has a 93.7% impact on the spiritual intelligence of teenagers at GKJ Jambeyan. Furthermore, if there is an increase in the spiritual intelligence of GKJ Jambeyan teenagers, there is a 90.7% increase in the application of educational elements in Children's Communion.
Copyright (c) 2024 Justin Niaga Siman Juntak, Yohanes Ayom Prabawani, Sabda Wahyudi, Eliana Setyanti, Kristriyanto
Jalan Salib sebagai Dasar Pendidikan Kristen: Upaya Mengimplementasikan Pendidikan Kristen dalam Realitas Sosial di Indonesia
This study intends to analyze the role of Christian education to the existing social reality, especially the problem of poverty and injustice, in Indonesia. The problem of poverty and injustice in Indonesia is a problem that must be considered. Therefore, educational institutions, especially Christian education, should be able to develop a form of education that is not just make smart learners intellectually (only transfer of knowledge) but is able to provide intelligence holistically, so that learners have intelligence as well as sensitivity to existing social situations. By using qualitative methods, with the approach of literature studies, this study resulted in a conclusion that Christian education should foster contextual spirituality which is based on the way of the cross, because the way of the cross opens up new perspectives for suffering with everyone who suffers. Thus the way of the cross, as a contextual spirituality, opens awareness and fosters empathy to engage directly in every social reality in Indonesia, thus creating efforts to minimize suffering due to poverty and injustice.
Christian Education Based on Digital Technology and Local Wisdom: An Experimental Study Addressing the Vulnerable Generation of Strawberries
This study examines the didactic reconstruction of Christian Religious Education based on digital technology and local wisdom as an effort to overcome the challenges of the Strawberry Vulnerable Generation. The research uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method. The results of the study show that the Strawberry Generation requires an adaptive, contextual, and transformative model of Christian Religious Education. The integration of digital technology through e-learning platforms, mobile applications, social media, and interactive media has been proven to be able to increase student involvement in the learning process. However, the use of technology needs to be balanced with strengthening local wisdom values such as mutual cooperation, solidarity, respect for the community, and contextual spirituality so that students are not trapped in individualism and instant culture. The didactic reconstruction of Christian Religious Education that was developed emphasizes the synergy between digital innovation and the preservation of local cultural values as the foundation for the formation of resilient Christian character. This research contributes to the development of Christian Religious Education learning models that are relevant to the digital native generation while strengthening faith and cultural identity in the digital era. Thus, Christian Religious Education based on digital technology and local wisdom can be a strategic approach in building a generation that is adaptive, critical, characterful, and resistant to the complexities of modern life.
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