Pedagogi Transformatif dalam Menumbuhkan Berpikir Kritis dan Spiritualitas Mahasiswa Pendidikan Agama Kristen: Kajian Literatur
Keywords:
Christian education, Critical thinking, Spirituality, Transformative pedagogyAbstract
Advances in digital technology have transformed the paradigm of learning in higher education and require students to possess critical thinking skills and spiritual depth in order to face various academic and social challenges. Although technology facilitates access to information, its use without sufficient reflection has the potential to diminish critical thinking skills and reduce the quality of students’ spiritual development. This study aims to analyze the role of transformative pedagogy in fostering critical thinking skills and spirituality among students in the Christian Religious Education program. The study employs a qualitative method using a literature review approach. Data were obtained through the search, selection, and critical analysis of academic books, articles in accredited national journals, reputable international journals, and relevant research findings. A literature analysis based on Paulo Freire’s critical pedagogy and Jack Mezirow’s transformative learning theory indicates that the integration of intellectual and spiritual dimensions can foster a learning process that is more dialogic, reflective, contextual, participatory, and transformative. A synthesis of various studies reveals that critical dialogue, reflection on experience, and the reconstruction of meaning serve as the primary mechanisms for developing critical thinking skills while simultaneously strengthening the spirituality of students in Christian Religious Education. The contribution of this study lies in the development of a conceptual synthesis that integrates transformative pedagogy with the development of critical thinking and spirituality among students in Christian Religious Education as a foundation for relevant learning in the digital age.
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