Tongkonan as a Living Curriculum: Intergenerational Transmission of Torajan Cultural Knowledge through Spatial and Ritual Practices

  • Rannu Sanderan Institut Agama Kristen Negeri (IAKN) Toraja
Keywords: tongkonan, hidden curriculum, indigenous knowledge, pedagogy, Torajan heritage

Abstract

A key example of how cultural spaces transmit indigenous knowledge is the concept of traditional house of the Toraja people, the tongkonan. To comprehend the educational and cultural role of the tongkonan, this research explores its structural and symbolic aspects, rituals, and communal practices. Using a qualitative and ethnographic approach, the data were collected from participant observation, interviews and interdisciplinary analysis. Results illuminate that architectural design and symbolic carving of the tongkonan serves as pedagogical tools, and rituals and intergenerational exchanges collectively contribute to cultural continuity and communal identity. Yet modernization and globalization pose significant threats to the longevity of these practices, thus requiring creative adaptations, including digital documentation, community and social driven initiatives, and sustainable tourism models. These efforts not only protect Torajan cultural resources but also provide lessons for other indigenous people confronting similar predicaments. This research emphasizes the significance of the combination of traditional knowledge and contemporary practice to offer a crucial to the survival of cultures in a modern world.

Abstrak
Tongkonan, konsep rumah masyarakat Toraja, merupakan contoh penting bagaimana ruang budaya berperan dalam mentransmisikan pengetahuan tradisional. Penelitian ini menganalisis dimensi ritual, struktural dan simbolis, serta praktik komunal tongkonan untuk memahami signifikansi pendidikan dan budaya yang dimilikinya. Dengan menggunakan metodologi kualitatif dan etnografis, data dikumpulkan melalui observasi partisipan, wawancara, dan analisis interdisipliner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa desain arsitektur dan ukiran simbolis pada tongkonan berfungsi sebagai alat pembelajaran, sementara ritual dan interaksi lintas generasi mendukung kesinambungan budaya dan identitas komunitas. Namun, modernisasi dan globalisasi menjadi tantangan keberlanjutan praktik ini, sehingga diperlukan adaptasi inovatif seperti dokumentasi digital, inisiatif berbasis komunitas, dan model pariwisata berkelanjutan. Strategi-strategi ini tidak hanya melestarikan warisan budaya Toraja tetapi juga memberikan wawasan bagi komunitas adat lain yang menghadapi tantangan serupa. Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya upaya integrasi pengetahuan tradisional dengan praktik kontemporer demi menjaga relevansi ruang budaya di tengah perubahan dunia yang cepat.

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Published
2025-04-30